Essay about Honda - 1820 Words

1. How does each of the two perspectives explain Honda’s success in the US? Case A explains from the perspective of the writers of the BCG study. It concludes five reasons for Honda’s success in the US. Firstly, Honda has a deliberate strategy with a clear goal that to achieve a big market share in the American market. It is said that Honda’s primary objectives are keeping the sales volume rather than short-term profitability. The essence of this strategy is to make the sales volume grows faster than competitors. Therefore, Honda could increase his market share. Besides, Honda set their price for his market share target. They may lower the price to achieve the target if they need to do so. Secondly, Honda has a comprehensive sales plan.†¦show more content†¦Therefore, they provide the motorcycle has doubled horsepower and halved weight, which was not expensive and easier to control, especially for women. This makes Honda success in the Japanese motorcycle industry. The success in the US seems unexpected with luck. It has no strategy when it entered the US market, and became successful by solving a lot of problems including Firstly, Honda has no strategy for entering the US market. The idea of leadership is to see what they could do in America. The corporate culture that â€Å"success against all odds† encourages Honda to challenge itself (Christiansen Pascale, 2011). They do not discuss the profit or deadlines for breakeven. They are brave and just try to do something in America. Secondly, although the market is vast, untapped, and affluent, there are many problems in the American market, which are distribution, service quality and the potential of motorcycles. There are only 3,000 motorcycle dealers in the US, and two thirds of them are open on nights and weekends (Christiansen Pascale, 2011). Besides, the inventory and the service are poor. Moreover, it is hard to estimate the motorcycles sales in the US because everyone drives an automobile. Honda chooses to sell four models of motorcycles at the beginning, although they know the products are not superior enough. They choose to start from LosShow MoreRelatedHonda Case2510 Words   |  11 PagesCase Analysis People Management Fiasco In Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India Ltd. Submitted To : Dr. Madhumita Chatterji Submitted by: Swagatika Sarangi People Management Fiasco In HMSI INTRODUCTION: HMSI was established on October 20th 1999 with an aim to produce world class scooters and motorcycles in India. The state of the art HMSI factory, located in Gurgaon, was spread over 52 acres. The initial installed capacity was 100000 scooters per year, which was scheduled to reachRead MoreHonda Case1468 Words   |  6 Pages1. Does adapting the promotion of its motors vehicles to suit each country’s culture make sense for Honda? No, adapting the promotion of Honda’s motor vehicle to suit every culture does not make sense. The adaption of different promotions for each country will be useful for improving the sales of the motor vehicles of Honda. The company spend just a little time and money in the promotion which is not good and effective. Every country is different and has a specific culture, different values andRead MoreCompetitors of Honda1423 Words   |  6 Pagesturned into the world’s largest vehicle producer and became one of main players in international vehicle industry (Jeffrey Hays 2009). For instance, Honda, a well-known Japanese vehicle producer, it is also one of the best car sellers in Malaysia. Honda Malaysia Sdn Bhd was born in 15 November 2000 as a result of the formation of partnership between Honda Motor Co. Ltd. of Japan, DRB-HICOM Berhad and Oriental Holdings Berhad. It produces a wide range of product besides car, motorcycles, automobilesRead MoreThe Honda Effect1627 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesentry into the US Market. Honda is a Japan based company and is the world’s largest manufacturer of motorcycles as well as the world’s manufacturer of internal combustion engines (motor vehicles) producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda’s trademark had been registered in Japan since November 13, 1953 it was not until a decade later that the motorcycle and automobile company filed for trademark registration in the United States. Honda is headquartered in MinatoRead MoreJIT in Honda4521 Words   |  19 Pagesstresses the importance of the famous management technique called JIT (Just In Time) and its use in one of the most well known company HONDA. The case extensively discusses the features, importance, implementation, and the various problems of Just in time. JIT was first implemented by Toyota and the technique is very commonly used in many Japanese companies and HONDA is one of them. The main purpose of developing this case study is to understand JIT as an operation management technique in the businessRead MoreHonda Vietnam1218 Words   |  5 Pagesa talk about Honda- one of the famous motorcycle brand- names in Viet Nam. There are 7 parts in our presentation: 1-Introduction to Honda Vietnam 2-Vietnam’s potential powers for developing motorcycle industry 3-The distribution of Honda Heads 4-Prices 5- Case: Price of Honda Vietnam vs Honda Thailand motorcycle 6-Competitive abilities of Honda verse other firms 7-Development since establishment 1-Introduction to Honda Vietnam name:  Honda Vietnam Corporation. Honda Vietnam CorporationRead MoreSoichiro Honda – Innovative Leader1268 Words   |  6 PagesIndividual Paper One 1 Individual Paper One Soichiro Honda – Innovative Leader Individual Paper One 2 The story of Soichiro Honda is a good example of innovative leader that overcame traditional thinking and recognized opportunities that other didn’t think were possible to implement. â€Å"Soichiro Honda created a motor vehicle industry when it should have been impossible. The time for that was the turn of the century, when Ford, Peugeot, and Daimler were created. Shipbuilding magnateRead MoreHonda Marketing Research3456 Words   |  14 PagesBuilt upon innovation and dreams, Honda Motor Company Ltd. being a Japan public multinational corporation is well known as a manufacturer of cars and motorcycles. Honda was established on 24 September 1948 and the respected founder is Soichiro Honda, borned in 1906 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan. Mr Soichiro’s father owned a blacksmith s shop and earned living repairing bicycles as an avocation. In his youth days, Soichiro Honda was apprenticed to a car repair shop in Tokyo. In 1923Read MoreHonda Marketing Plan3660 Words   |  15 Pages3.5.4 Place strategy 4.0 References 1.2 Letter of Recommendation Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Mr. Takanobu Ito -1, 2-Chome Minami-Aoyama Tokyo, 107-8556 Japan Dear Mr. Takanobu Ito, I appreciate the opportunity to analyze your business and present my research to you. I will now attempt to summarize my findings in this letter, which are detailed out in the marketing plan. Your annual report 2011, expressed how Honda operates under the basic principles of â€Å"Respect for the Individual† and â€Å"TheRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Honda4439 Words   |  18 PagesFINACIAL STATEMENTS 3. TREND ANALYSIS 4. COMMON SIZE STATEMENTS 5. HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS 6. RATIO ANALYSIS 7. CONCLUSION 8. REFERANCES 3 About Honda- Company Profile, Strategy, Global Positioning. Honda Motor Company, Ltd. is a globally reknowned Japanese corporation well known for it’s automobiles and motorcycles. Since its beginnings in 1948, Honda has retained it’s trademark cutting edge stye by constantly adding value and churning out products of impeccable quality at an affordable price

Essay about Honda - 1820 Words

1. How does each of the two perspectives explain Honda’s success in the US? Case A explains from the perspective of the writers of the BCG study. It concludes five reasons for Honda’s success in the US. Firstly, Honda has a deliberate strategy with a clear goal that to achieve a big market share in the American market. It is said that Honda’s primary objectives are keeping the sales volume rather than short-term profitability. The essence of this strategy is to make the sales volume grows faster than competitors. Therefore, Honda could increase his market share. Besides, Honda set their price for his market share target. They may lower the price to achieve the target if they need to do so. Secondly, Honda has a comprehensive sales plan.†¦show more content†¦Therefore, they provide the motorcycle has doubled horsepower and halved weight, which was not expensive and easier to control, especially for women. This makes Honda success in the Japanese motorcycle industry. The success in the US seems unexpected with luck. It has no strategy when it entered the US market, and became successful by solving a lot of problems including Firstly, Honda has no strategy for entering the US market. The idea of leadership is to see what they could do in America. The corporate culture that â€Å"success against all odds† encourages Honda to challenge itself (Christiansen Pascale, 2011). They do not discuss the profit or deadlines for breakeven. They are brave and just try to do something in America. Secondly, although the market is vast, untapped, and affluent, there are many problems in the American market, which are distribution, service quality and the potential of motorcycles. There are only 3,000 motorcycle dealers in the US, and two thirds of them are open on nights and weekends (Christiansen Pascale, 2011). Besides, the inventory and the service are poor. Moreover, it is hard to estimate the motorcycles sales in the US because everyone drives an automobile. Honda chooses to sell four models of motorcycles at the beginning, although they know the products are not superior enough. They choose to start from LosShow MoreRelatedHonda Case2510 Words   |  11 PagesCase Analysis People Management Fiasco In Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India Ltd. Submitted To : Dr. Madhumita Chatterji Submitted by: Swagatika Sarangi People Management Fiasco In HMSI INTRODUCTION: HMSI was established on October 20th 1999 with an aim to produce world class scooters and motorcycles in India. The state of the art HMSI factory, located in Gurgaon, was spread over 52 acres. The initial installed capacity was 100000 scooters per year, which was scheduled to reachRead MoreHonda Case1468 Words   |  6 Pages1. Does adapting the promotion of its motors vehicles to suit each country’s culture make sense for Honda? No, adapting the promotion of Honda’s motor vehicle to suit every culture does not make sense. The adaption of different promotions for each country will be useful for improving the sales of the motor vehicles of Honda. The company spend just a little time and money in the promotion which is not good and effective. Every country is different and has a specific culture, different values andRead MoreCompetitors of Honda1423 Words   |  6 Pagesturned into the world’s largest vehicle producer and became one of main players in international vehicle industry (Jeffrey Hays 2009). For instance, Honda, a well-known Japanese vehicle producer, it is also one of the best car sellers in Malaysia. Honda Malaysia Sdn Bhd was born in 15 November 2000 as a result of the formation of partnership between Honda Motor Co. Ltd. of Japan, DRB-HICOM Berhad and Oriental Holdings Berhad. It produces a wide range of product besides car, motorcycles, automobilesRead MoreThe Honda Effect1627 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesentry into the US Market. Honda is a Japan based company and is the world’s largest manufacturer of motorcycles as well as the world’s manufacturer of internal combustion engines (motor vehicles) producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda’s trademark had been registered in Japan since November 13, 1953 it was not until a decade later that the motorcycle and automobile company filed for trademark registration in the United States. Honda is headquartered in MinatoRead MoreJIT in Honda4521 Words   |  19 Pagesstresses the importance of the famous management technique called JIT (Just In Time) and its use in one of the most well known company HONDA. The case extensively discusses the features, importance, implementation, and the various problems of Just in time. JIT was first implemented by Toyota and the technique is very commonly used in many Japanese companies and HONDA is one of them. The main purpose of developing this case study is to understand JIT as an operation management technique in the businessRead MoreHonda Vietnam1218 Words   |  5 Pagesa talk about Honda- one of the famous motorcycle brand- names in Viet Nam. There are 7 parts in our presentation: 1-Introduction to Honda Vietnam 2-Vietnam’s potential powers for developing motorcycle industry 3-The distribution of Honda Heads 4-Prices 5- Case: Price of Honda Vietnam vs Honda Thailand motorcycle 6-Competitive abilities of Honda verse other firms 7-Development since establishment 1-Introduction to Honda Vietnam name:  Honda Vietnam Corporation. Honda Vietnam CorporationRead MoreSoichiro Honda – Innovative Leader1268 Words   |  6 PagesIndividual Paper One 1 Individual Paper One Soichiro Honda – Innovative Leader Individual Paper One 2 The story of Soichiro Honda is a good example of innovative leader that overcame traditional thinking and recognized opportunities that other didn’t think were possible to implement. â€Å"Soichiro Honda created a motor vehicle industry when it should have been impossible. The time for that was the turn of the century, when Ford, Peugeot, and Daimler were created. Shipbuilding magnateRead MoreHonda Marketing Research3456 Words   |  14 PagesBuilt upon innovation and dreams, Honda Motor Company Ltd. being a Japan public multinational corporation is well known as a manufacturer of cars and motorcycles. Honda was established on 24 September 1948 and the respected founder is Soichiro Honda, borned in 1906 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan. Mr Soichiro’s father owned a blacksmith s shop and earned living repairing bicycles as an avocation. In his youth days, Soichiro Honda was apprenticed to a car repair shop in Tokyo. In 1923Read MoreHonda Marketing Plan3660 Words   |  15 Pages3.5.4 Place strategy 4.0 References 1.2 Letter of Recommendation Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Mr. Takanobu Ito -1, 2-Chome Minami-Aoyama Tokyo, 107-8556 Japan Dear Mr. Takanobu Ito, I appreciate the opportunity to analyze your business and present my research to you. I will now attempt to summarize my findings in this letter, which are detailed out in the marketing plan. Your annual report 2011, expressed how Honda operates under the basic principles of â€Å"Respect for the Individual† and â€Å"TheRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Honda4439 Words   |  18 PagesFINACIAL STATEMENTS 3. TREND ANALYSIS 4. COMMON SIZE STATEMENTS 5. HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS 6. RATIO ANALYSIS 7. CONCLUSION 8. REFERANCES 3 About Honda- Company Profile, Strategy, Global Positioning. Honda Motor Company, Ltd. is a globally reknowned Japanese corporation well known for it’s automobiles and motorcycles. Since its beginnings in 1948, Honda has retained it’s trademark cutting edge stye by constantly adding value and churning out products of impeccable quality at an affordable price

Essay about Honda - 1820 Words

1. How does each of the two perspectives explain Honda’s success in the US? Case A explains from the perspective of the writers of the BCG study. It concludes five reasons for Honda’s success in the US. Firstly, Honda has a deliberate strategy with a clear goal that to achieve a big market share in the American market. It is said that Honda’s primary objectives are keeping the sales volume rather than short-term profitability. The essence of this strategy is to make the sales volume grows faster than competitors. Therefore, Honda could increase his market share. Besides, Honda set their price for his market share target. They may lower the price to achieve the target if they need to do so. Secondly, Honda has a comprehensive sales plan.†¦show more content†¦Therefore, they provide the motorcycle has doubled horsepower and halved weight, which was not expensive and easier to control, especially for women. This makes Honda success in the Japanese motorcycle industry. The success in the US seems unexpected with luck. It has no strategy when it entered the US market, and became successful by solving a lot of problems including Firstly, Honda has no strategy for entering the US market. The idea of leadership is to see what they could do in America. The corporate culture that â€Å"success against all odds† encourages Honda to challenge itself (Christiansen Pascale, 2011). They do not discuss the profit or deadlines for breakeven. They are brave and just try to do something in America. Secondly, although the market is vast, untapped, and affluent, there are many problems in the American market, which are distribution, service quality and the potential of motorcycles. There are only 3,000 motorcycle dealers in the US, and two thirds of them are open on nights and weekends (Christiansen Pascale, 2011). Besides, the inventory and the service are poor. Moreover, it is hard to estimate the motorcycles sales in the US because everyone drives an automobile. Honda chooses to sell four models of motorcycles at the beginning, although they know the products are not superior enough. They choose to start from LosShow MoreRelatedHonda Case2510 Words   |  11 PagesCase Analysis People Management Fiasco In Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India Ltd. Submitted To : Dr. Madhumita Chatterji Submitted by: Swagatika Sarangi People Management Fiasco In HMSI INTRODUCTION: HMSI was established on October 20th 1999 with an aim to produce world class scooters and motorcycles in India. The state of the art HMSI factory, located in Gurgaon, was spread over 52 acres. The initial installed capacity was 100000 scooters per year, which was scheduled to reachRead MoreHonda Case1468 Words   |  6 Pages1. Does adapting the promotion of its motors vehicles to suit each country’s culture make sense for Honda? No, adapting the promotion of Honda’s motor vehicle to suit every culture does not make sense. The adaption of different promotions for each country will be useful for improving the sales of the motor vehicles of Honda. The company spend just a little time and money in the promotion which is not good and effective. Every country is different and has a specific culture, different values andRead MoreCompetitors of Honda1423 Words   |  6 Pagesturned into the world’s largest vehicle producer and became one of main players in international vehicle industry (Jeffrey Hays 2009). For instance, Honda, a well-known Japanese vehicle producer, it is also one of the best car sellers in Malaysia. Honda Malaysia Sdn Bhd was born in 15 November 2000 as a result of the formation of partnership between Honda Motor Co. Ltd. of Japan, DRB-HICOM Berhad and Oriental Holdings Berhad. It produces a wide range of product besides car, motorcycles, automobilesRead MoreThe Honda Effect1627 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesentry into the US Market. Honda is a Japan based company and is the world’s largest manufacturer of motorcycles as well as the world’s manufacturer of internal combustion engines (motor vehicles) producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda’s trademark had been registered in Japan since November 13, 1953 it was not until a decade later that the motorcycle and automobile company filed for trademark registration in the United States. Honda is headquartered in MinatoRead MoreJIT in Honda4521 Words   |  19 Pagesstresses the importance of the famous management technique called JIT (Just In Time) and its use in one of the most well known company HONDA. The case extensively discusses the features, importance, implementation, and the various problems of Just in time. JIT was first implemented by Toyota and the technique is very commonly used in many Japanese companies and HONDA is one of them. The main purpose of developing this case study is to understand JIT as an operation management technique in the businessRead MoreHonda Vietnam1218 Words   |  5 Pagesa talk about Honda- one of the famous motorcycle brand- names in Viet Nam. There are 7 parts in our presentation: 1-Introduction to Honda Vietnam 2-Vietnam’s potential powers for developing motorcycle industry 3-The distribution of Honda Heads 4-Prices 5- Case: Price of Honda Vietnam vs Honda Thailand motorcycle 6-Competitive abilities of Honda verse other firms 7-Development since establishment 1-Introduction to Honda Vietnam name:  Honda Vietnam Corporation. Honda Vietnam CorporationRead MoreSoichiro Honda – Innovative Leader1268 Words   |  6 PagesIndividual Paper One 1 Individual Paper One Soichiro Honda – Innovative Leader Individual Paper One 2 The story of Soichiro Honda is a good example of innovative leader that overcame traditional thinking and recognized opportunities that other didn’t think were possible to implement. â€Å"Soichiro Honda created a motor vehicle industry when it should have been impossible. The time for that was the turn of the century, when Ford, Peugeot, and Daimler were created. Shipbuilding magnateRead MoreHonda Marketing Research3456 Words   |  14 PagesBuilt upon innovation and dreams, Honda Motor Company Ltd. being a Japan public multinational corporation is well known as a manufacturer of cars and motorcycles. Honda was established on 24 September 1948 and the respected founder is Soichiro Honda, borned in 1906 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan. Mr Soichiro’s father owned a blacksmith s shop and earned living repairing bicycles as an avocation. In his youth days, Soichiro Honda was apprenticed to a car repair shop in Tokyo. In 1923Read MoreHonda Marketing Plan3660 Words   |  15 Pages3.5.4 Place strategy 4.0 References 1.2 Letter of Recommendation Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Mr. Takanobu Ito -1, 2-Chome Minami-Aoyama Tokyo, 107-8556 Japan Dear Mr. Takanobu Ito, I appreciate the opportunity to analyze your business and present my research to you. I will now attempt to summarize my findings in this letter, which are detailed out in the marketing plan. Your annual report 2011, expressed how Honda operates under the basic principles of â€Å"Respect for the Individual† and â€Å"TheRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Honda4439 Words   |  18 PagesFINACIAL STATEMENTS 3. TREND ANALYSIS 4. COMMON SIZE STATEMENTS 5. HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS 6. RATIO ANALYSIS 7. CONCLUSION 8. REFERANCES 3 About Honda- Company Profile, Strategy, Global Positioning. Honda Motor Company, Ltd. is a globally reknowned Japanese corporation well known for it’s automobiles and motorcycles. Since its beginnings in 1948, Honda has retained it’s trademark cutting edge stye by constantly adding value and churning out products of impeccable quality at an affordable price

The Movie Groundhog Day - 990 Words

Becoming Moral Every life lived has an element of unpredictability. Sometimes, people have bad days that they would rather forget as soon as it’s over. Other times, people have great days that they wish they could relive once more. But in Groundhog Day, an unruly news anchor named Phil is forced to relive a single day in his life. After the initial fear and confusion dissipates, Phil explores different lifestyles in the struggle to obtain happiness and to find himself. Stuck at a fixed point in history, Phil experiments with different lifestyles without experiencing any long-term repercussions. The first life he tests out is the life of pleasure. In the movie, we see him overindulge in the two senses that Aristotle warns against: taste, as seen in the diner scene when Phil surrounds himself with food, and touch, shown through his night with Nancy and his attempts to get with Rita. However, the life of sensual pleasure alone brings him no happiness and, in fact, is a lifestyle Aristotle advocates against. Sensual pleasures are temporary and imperfect. People who highlight sensual pleasures, such as sex and indulgence in food, emphasize means rather than ends; they exploit necessary processes for the small degree of pleasure it brings them, subsequently depriving themselves of the happiness and pleasure they could have received in the end. For example, a glutton does not get pleasure out of nurturing their bodies, but from the food itself. As a result, gluttons areShow MoreRelatedReview Of The Movie Groundhog Day 994 Words   |  4 PagesDirector and producer Harold Ramis filmed the infamous movie, Groundhog Day, a film based on an arrogant weatherman named Phil that detests Punxsutawney where groundhogs day is held but must relive this day for what feels like an eternity. Viewing this movie from a philosophical standpoint, the viewer can relate Phil to Siddhartha, the founder of Buddhism. Phil is similar to Buddha because he experiences the three marks of reality, and the four noble truths. Using a philosophical view the audienceRead MoreCausal Ditermism in the Movie Groundhog Day1964 Words   |  8 Pagesplace among other reasons for action (Horton www.oocities.org/emilische/free-will.doc). In the movie Groundhog Day, Phil Connors experiences the same day (Groundhog Day) over and over again. At first Phil uses this to his advantage until he discovers he is forced to stay in the same place with the same people who do the same thing every day. While Phil Connors lives in an identical situation every day and therefore a deterministic setting, does Phil have free will and is he morally responsible forRead MoreGroundhog Day1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie Groundhog Day, is labeled as a comedy, but in fact it is a story about love, a story about Phil’s transformation based on love.   Phil his character is forced to repeat the same day over and over again. He goes through many phases in this movie and in the end changing h is persona. When analyzing love, it becomes apparent that much has been written about it. In fact, love has been broken down into different phases such as Eros, Philia and Agape. Being trapped in Groundhog Day has significantRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Groundhog Day1495 Words   |  6 PagesOn the movie Groundhog Day, it shows a character who thinks he is better than anybody else that he is stuck on the same day, so he can discover himself that being that type of person can be change. In the movie a self-consumed TV weatherman, Phil goes to Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, to report a groundhog living there. His new producer Rita and long-time cameraman Larry join him. Phil spends the night in Punxsutawney, where he does not want to go and does not want to stay in a cheap hotel to sleepRead MoreFilm Analysis Of Groundhog Day1292 Words   |  6 PagesGroundhog Day is a movie about a meteorologist, Phil, who has to travel to Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania to cover the annual Groundhog Day celebration. Before traveling to the festival, Phil predicts that the blizzard scheduled to hit the area was no longer a threat. However, the blizzard does hit the area and, worst than the blizzard, is Phil realization that he is stuck in a time loop where he relieves the same day, February 2, over and over (Gilbert, 2013). This paper will focus on analyzing fourRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Groundhog Day1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe four restaurant scenes in the 1994 film, Groundhog Day, take an already well-written script and bring the story to life. These four scenes play a crucial role in this film. They convey symbolism, highlight the protagonist’s character arc, and help communicate the theme of the film. This is accomplished through use of sound, lighting, camera angles and shots, costume design, and the actors’ interpretations of the script lines. The first diner scene follows relatively closely the TraditionalRead MoreEssay about Macklemore Otherside Analysis721 Words   |  3 Pagesa poetic device that Macklemore uses in this song is allusion. One allusion Macklemore uses is â€Å"Groundhog Day life repeat each time†(l.59). Macklemore mentions the movie Groundhog Day the main character’s life is on repeat and no matter what he does the same day happens again even if the day before ended in death. This is also showing that in his struggle with drugs his life was the same thing every day he would smoke and it became a routine. One other example of an allusion is â€Å"rationalize the stuffRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs2800 Words   |  12 Pages2007). Considering the movie â€Å"Groundhog Day,† a character by the name of Phil Connors continues to relive the same day endlessly, regardless of what he does. As a result Connors goes through an extreme personality change which can be best describ ed through the standpoint of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Phil Connor’s Personality Described Phil Connors is an arrogant, self-centered, and selfish weatherman for a news station based in Pittsburg. At the beginning of the movie Phil’s behaviors are veryRead MoreIs A Man Truly Virtuous With Excellence Of Character?991 Words   |  4 Pages(Aristotle, 32) Thus, a man in his very being will become, through his actions, virtuous and better directed toward the end in which he is aiming. Turning to the movie Groundhog Day we meet Phil, a self-centered and mean weatherman from a local news channel and he is assigned to cover the festivities that surround February, 2nd, Groundhog Day. Phil, his cameraman Larry, and his producer Rita head to the small town of Punxsutawney in Pennsylvania. When they arrive Phil is too good to stay at, whatRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Aristotle s Views On Happiness And Human Flourishing With His Philosophy991 Words   |  4 Pagesassignment number five when we had to analyze groundhog day using Aristotle’s ethics. I believe in Aristotle’s views on happiness and human flourishing with his philosophy. Although that is the only thing that my moral philosophy takes from his teachings. As far as how my moral philosophy relates to Groundhog Day, my philosophy shows true as what Phil does within the movie he gets back. For example, Phil is very rude and sarcastic in the being of the movie and as a result of that he gets negative reactions

Three Strategies or Practices Identified in the Chapter Free Essays

Discuss three strategies or practices identified in the chapter that you feel are most important in planning, composing, and revising professional documents. Which of these do you use? Which part of the process do you spend more time on: revising, editing, or proofreading? Why? The three most important practices in planning, composing, and revising professional documents are: -Analyzing the problem, defining the purpose of the document, and analyzing my audience. -Provide accurate, concise, and complete information. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Strategies or Practices Identified in the Chapter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Getting feedback from someone else. Before beginning a document you must assess the purpose of your writing, and who your audience is. Once you know what you are writing about, and whom you are writing it to, then begins the formulation of ideas. I personally first review documents that relate to the topic and create key points to include in my writing. After you begin creating a thought process aligned with your writing, start free writing. During your free writing process, try not to deviate from your points. Provide accurate information, be concise and to the point, and complete your thoughts. Now that you feel you have drafted all the appropriate key points, and all the information you wanted to include, begin reviewing. During this review process, check for grammatical errors, conciseness, and that your thoughts are delivered for clear comprehension. Now that you feel you have created a professional document, put it to the test. Most important for me, is letting someone else read it. You may get some criticism, but better by one person than a large number of readers. At this time you can make the appropriate adjustments, and feel more confident in the message you are relaying. All the techniques I mentioned is the process I use to compose writing documents. These steps were helpful in my success as a proficient writer. Proofreading is the most important aspect, and what I spend most of my time on. This is your last chance to impress your reader and make sure your writing represents you, and shows your commitment to your work. Locker, K. O. , Kienzler, D. S. (2010). Business and Administrative Communication. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. How to cite Three Strategies or Practices Identified in the Chapter, Essay examples

Dutch Colonisation free essay sample

Europeans. one of them was the Netherlands, they call themselves the Dutch. The Dutch started ruling in Indonesia from 1603 and ended in 1942 by a japanese invasion in world war 2. Between 1602 1798 indonesians were under the control of the Dutch east india company. The Indonesians suffered exploitation of its labor force, this led to a huge uprising against the Dutch rule which contributed to their demise. The Dutch colonization impacted Indonesia in many ways, which was important to the development of Indonesia. DUTCH RULE IN INDONESIA The Dutch did not treat the Indonesians very well, they did not rule all over Indonesia, because some of the countries in indonesia were independent. The Dutch colonized Indonesia for many purposes, mainly for economical purposes, they were interested in the exotic resources found in Indonesia, as Indonesia was known for having resources such as coffee, sugar, and spices such as nutmeg, cloves, black pepper and cinnamon. We will write a custom essay sample on Dutch Colonisation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY SUPPRESSED INDONESIA After a short period of trading spices, during 1602 the VOC (Vereenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) or Netherland’s united east india company was formed. Around 1619 after the slow process of Netherland’s industrialization, the VOC indirectly colonized indonesia. Their initial purpose was to dominate the trade in indonesia and form a monopoly of trade against other European countries, who they were competing against. The VOC slowly got more control over Indonesia as they built headquarters in Batavia, Banda, Tidore, Java, and Makasa. INDONESIA UNDER THE DUTCH RULE Under the dutch rule, Central Java suffered starvation from 1900 to 1902 they only suffered for two years?. The Dutch exploited the colony, its natural resources, and the labor force. The Dutch were interested in gaining high profits from the labor and resources they extracted from Indonesia. The Dutch use to make people grow crops,make spices,etc never use etc because it means you cannot think of anything else to write. When,all the crops and spices were made they use to be sent to their country and,when it would be ready to be sold they use to get it back to Indonesia and sell it to the people of Indonesia. This is how they made profit very fast and easily. The Dutch established closer governmental controls over the colony. In l830 this political control was improved by the Cultuurstelsel (Cultivation System), it is an economic system by which the government took direct control over the development of the agriculture. The natives were required to work sixty-six days for the government. INDONESIA’S RESISTANCE The Java War of 1825-30 was the last resistance of the Javanese to Dutch rule. It was led by Pangeran Diponegoro (ca. 1785-1855), eldest son of the sultan of Yogyakarta. His education was a combination of both Islamic and mystical elements. The cause of this war in 1825 was the Dutch decision to build a road across a piece of his property that contained a sacred tomb. Therefore the Java War started, it was a bitter guerrilla conflict in which as many as 200,000 Javanese died in fighting, the population of Java at the end of the eighteenth century was only 3 million. The territories of Yogyakarta and Surakarta were weakened. This paragraph reads very similar to one from the Mongabay website, you need to be careful not to plagiarize information INDONESIAN INDEPENDENCE Due to bankruptcy, the VOC was dissolved in 1800. During World War II, 1942-1945, the Japanese occupied Indonesia. Although short-lived, the occupation enabled Indonesians to arm themselves for the very first time. Shortly after Japans defeat in WWII, Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed Indonesia an independent state, and they became the founding fathers of the new country. When the Dutch returned and tried to re-establish colonial rule, armed Indonesians resisted. The Dutch were forced to recognize an independent Indonesia in 1949. COLONIZATION IMPACTS ON INDONESIA The Dutch established Java as the center of the East Indies, which explains hy Java is the economic, political and most populous island in Indonesia. Well, the Dutch left both good and bad impacts on indonesia some of the good things were the development of roads, infrastructure, closer interaction between Western and Eastern culture and education. Christian missionaries also converted some of the Bataks, Ambonese and Papuans. Some of the bad things were the exploitation of Ind onesian resources and labour and discrimination against Eurasians and non-white people in jobs in the civil service and military. The Dutch wanted access to Indonesian natural resources to bring back to Europe and trade. They used the Indonesians as slaves to farm many of Indonesian natural resources. The Dutch became rich from these practices while the Indonesians suffered and became angry. The combination of the anger towards the dutch, and the fact that they became more educated from the Dutch, the indonesians started to develop their own opinions and rebelled against the dutch which eventually led to Indonesian independence.

Veterinary Shadow Day Essays - Animal Welfare, Dog Breeds, Beagle

Veterinary Shadow Day When I first arrived ?Lisa? The girl that I shadowed told me that there was an emergency with one of the animals. It ended up that a one-year-old beagle ate an entire thing of metabolite, and then slowly started to die. The liver had shut down, and the heart rate was up to 300. Lisa told me that taking a thing of metabolite was like taking 50 cups of coffee at once. The owners of the beagle were there and bowling. The beagle's name was Murry. Murry's body slowly was shutting down one thing after another. The owners made the decision the dog was going to be put to sleep. We got the dog ready to be taken out. They undid all the cords from the dog so they could take it to another room. I said goodbye to the dog, and then they took it into the other room so that the owners could be there when they put him to sleep. After that happened they then had to put a sleep a little hedgehog that had cancer on its mouth. We then did two regular checkups with one cat and with one dog. Those when gre at. After that we had a dog come in and it ended up having an affection that might end up killing it. I never heard the end result. The last thing that I did there was that a black lab had been bitten by another dog, and that dog ripped a hole in the neck of the black lab. The doctors had to perform surgery on the dog to close up the holes in the neck. They first had to clean it out with qutips. And blood stated to come out right then I was a little dizzy and I thought I was going to faint. But thank god I didn't. I saw a cat get dental work on it. And a cat get a bath and they had to blow dry it and brush the hair while it was a sleep. I thought that the work place environment was very clean and very professional. On my pictures on the poster it shows you that they even had a place for dogs to go in and a separate place for cats to go in they also have different waiting rooms for each of them. I could easily be able to work in a place that is that clean, and so organized. I learned multiple things there from chemicals how much they need how much they use math and science, to there organization skills, and there abillity to be able to communicate with the animals and be able to not cry ever time they have to put them to sleep. The things that they do hardly relate to what I'm doing in school right now, because I'm not that smart yet. But in science we are learning about different chemicals together and how they make a reaction. Also I'm learning how to keep everything nice and organized, so I know where everything that I need is. I observed many behaviors that they showed that would be important in a lot of jobs. One of those are there communication skills. To be able to work with many different people under the type of stress that they can be in is hard. That aplies to a lot of jobs because a lot of different jobs make you work under a lot of stress with many different people at the same time. There are countless skills that you take on with you to college or even work. Kindness, cleanness, organization, and most of all people skills with out that you not be able to handle being in a job with other people. Being a veterinarian is something that I have always even since I was a little girl have wanted to be. I have always loved animals expesialy dogs. I love to take care of them to train them, and most of all to make them feel better. This is exactly what a veterinarian does every day. Nothing was really bad about the job shadow. It was a great experience and I had a lot of fun. But one thing is

Civil War, Causes essays

Civil War, Causes essays There was nothing civil about the Civil War. Neighbor fought neighbor and brother fought brother in a painful division between family and friends that mirrored the one between the North and the South. The Civil War started when between the Northern states (the Union) and the Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy. During the 19th century the South remained almost completely agricultural, with an economy and a social order largely founded on slavery and the plantation system. These equally dependent institutions produced the essential, especially cotton, from which the South derived its wealth. The North had its own great agricultural resources, was always more advanced commercially, and was also expanding industrially. Hostility between the two sections grew clearly after 1820, the year of the Missouri Compromise , which was intended as a permanent solution to the issue in which that hostility was most clearly expressed the question of the extension or prohibition of slavery in the federal territories of the West. During the year 1820 through 1821, procedures passed by the U.S. Congress to end the first of a series of crises concerning the extension of slavery. By 1818, Missouri Territory had gained sufficient population to warrant its admission into the Union as a state. Settlers came largely from the South and it was expected that Missouri would be a slave state. To a statehood bill brought before the House of Representatives, James Tallmadge of New York proposed an amendment that would forbid importation of slaves and would bring about the ultimate emancipation of all slaves born in Missouri. This amendment passed the House in February 1819, but not the Senate. The bitterness of the debates sharply emphasized the sectional division of the United States. In January of 1820, a bill to admit Maine as a state passed the House. The admission of Alabama as a slave state in 1819 had...

HRM315-0703B-06 Managing Human Resources Phase 3 Discussion Board Essay

HRM315-0703B-06 Managing Human Resources Phase 3 Discussion Board - Essay Example enowned psychological theorist from the 20th Century, describes his Hierarchy of Needs, involving five psychological factors which drive employee motivation. Under this theory, once basic physiological needs are met (such as food, water, or simply the existence of a paying career), the employee then requires safety in order to maximize their potential. After meeting needs for safety, belonging is the next tier on the hierarchy, followed by esteem needs, finally reaching self-actualization as the pinnacle of their total capabilities (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Basically, Maslow suggests that motivating employees can be as simple as supplying a secure, well-paying job and giving employees positive feedback regularly when they exceed or meet corporate expectations. This satisfies their psychological needs for security and esteem, allowing them to explore establishing quality peer relationships to reach their fullest potential, thus boosting total productivity. Research has uncovered that equity builds internal motivation within employees, involving perceived fairness regarding their receipt of business rewards equal to their total contribution to the firm (Mathis & Jackson, 2005). If employees feel they are working quite hard for the company, perhaps exceeding expectations, but are not receiving an equitable bonus or compensation reward, they will likely have lowered morale and be non-productive, even angry employees. With this in mind, it is extremely important to the business that managers maintain close monitoring and association with employees who are routinely productive so as to offer fair reward to the employees who deserve it. Many managers, also, tend to forget the importance of non-verbal communication when they are dealing with employees. This is the sending and interpretation of messages with emotional content including facial expressions, eye contact, and tone of voice (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin & Cardy, 2005: 638). Managerial posture often indicates whether the

How We Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How We Change - Essay Example We have made this world a global village where it is more than just easy to move from one place to other in a matter of hours and communicate with each other in a blink. But, to gain something, we had to lose something and that something we lost to achieve this marvelous world of today is care for each other. Although we have every means of communication and stay connected, we have lost the will and time to say hello to our loved one. Peter Lovenheim in the article ‘wont you be my neighbor’ and William Deresiewicz in article ‘faux friendships’ most beautifully and with complete facts, describe these losses to mankind throughout its evolution and progression. Lovenheim describes our society of today in a way that it makes us all stop for a moment and think that ‘what and where we did something so wrong that we are at a stage of total societal collapse today. Although we have progressed and evolved a lot to provide us with all the facilities and necessities of life, we have no time to be with each other. We have the means as said by Lovenheim like internet, faster travelling routes and cheaper travelling expenses. We st ill find it so hard to meet each other in person and form a strong societal bonding. William Deresiewicz also explains the loss of mankind by stating that we, the men of 21st century are suffering from ‘facebook syndrome’. He states that because of so much advancement in technology, we are now dependent on it to communicate with each other. The author states by giving the example of friendships that we have forgotten to interact with each other on a more personal level. Friendships of today are limited to facebook and twitter etc. and it is the screen of our computers and smart phones that we are friends with rather than being friends with a real person. Both these articles show how the human species has changed over time. We have no time to be with each other and

Economics of Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics of Education - Assignment Example In a sequence of items over the past ten years, Hanushek used 38 different pieces of writing and put focus on: pupil/teacher ratio, education and experience of the teacher, teacher’s salary, Per Pupil Expenditure (PPE), administrative inputs and facilities. He reviews the evidence of a large number of studies basing on their views of the relationship between spending and school performance. He conducted vote-count based on aggregating 187 studies in 38 separately published books where in each publication there are several regression equations. He classified the relation between each input variable and an output variable into one of five categories according to the direction of the regression coefficient's sign (positive or negative) and its statistical significance (significant or non-significant). The fifth is coefficients that were non-significant but for which it was impossible to determine the direction of the coefficient's sign from the reported results. His conclusion is that money doesn’t matter as school’s output is concerned (Hanushek 150-164). Hedges et al study This study is a reanalysis of the evidence examined by Hanushek. These researchers found that a â€Å"systematic positive patterns in the relationships between educational resource inputs and student outcomes† exists. ... This study declared that the pattern of results given in Hanushek’s vote count is not consistent with the null hypothesis of no effect in every study and thus making a type II error in his statistical analysis due to the low power associated with vote counting. Hedges et al used more sophisticated procedures to aggregate the information in the different studies and corrects some problems that were found in Hanushek’s methodology where they came up with a conclusion which clearly states that â€Å"Money does matter after all†. This directly differs with Hanushek’s conclusion. These two studies attempted to highlight the relationship between inputs and outputs of schools with an essence of improving American educational system. However, all of these researches there was no consensus established as to which course should be followed or even on the need for additional expenditures to produce the desired improvements, instead, some scholars have questioned whet her there is a relation between the amount of resources and level of accomplishment of students in schools. Hanushek used vote counting analytic method. For a given resource input, the "result" of each study is the estimated partial regression coefficient of the resource input to student output, holding constant the family background and other inputs. The vote-counting methodology tabulates these results according to the sign (positive, negative, or unknown) and the statistical significance (significant or non-significant, usually at ?= .05 level) of the results. The category with the most results (the most "votes") is generally taken to represent the true state of the relation in

Why Is Assessment Carried Out Nursing Essay

Why Is Assessment Carried Out Nursing Essay Although some questions may appear similar, there are subtle differences that need to be considered if you are sign-posting one answer to another. Criteria Number Assessment Criteria 1.1 Explain the functions of assessment: Why is assessment carried out? What is the purpose of assessment? What does assessment measure? What are the anticipated outcomes of assessment? Assessment is carried out as a way of compiling information about an individual or group to ascertain development needs. It is an integral part of both learning and teaching/coaching and allows the assessor to identify strengths, weaknesses and gaps in learning, enabling them to plan for the next steps in their learning by providing feedback to the individual and agreeing targets. Assessment may be used for 3 main reasons Pre-Assessment To categorize or identify the development stage at which an individual or group is currently performing at. This will provide a benchmark relative to a predetermined criteria and/or standard. Formative Assessment Once a baseline measure has been ascertained, an intervention can then be planned for. This allows the assessor to highlight specific areas of the assessment and target the intervention towards the needs of the individual or group. Using this approach enables the assessor to establish clear programme objectives. Summative Assessment Evaluating is just as important as the assessment itself. It is a process that can determine the growth and progress of the individual or group. This is why it is important to assess before and after the implementation of any programme as the effectiveness of the programme can be measured according to the difference between the two assessments. Continuous or formative assessment, is required not only of the individual and/or group but also of the product of learning, and then compared to the criteria and/or standards set out by the awarding body, (if applicable). This allows for assessment to be integrated into the teaching and learning process and links closely to what we assess, when we assess and why we assess. Assessment is not the be all and end all of teaching, but rather a process that maps a students progress and achievements during a specified timescale. Using the feedback given to them from assessment, the student will have an understanding of their target/s and be able to discuss with the assessor where they currently stand in relation to this target. From here, the student should have a better understanding of how they can achieve the desired outcome.. 1.2 Define these key concepts and principles of assessment: Fair Reliable Valid Safe and manageable Suitable to the candidate needs Fair Fairness in assessment ensures that the individual is given equal opportunities to be successful in reaching their objective. Reliable Reliability in assessment is essential. This would mean for example that if we repeated an assessment on a student, or they were observed by another assessor, then the results should be consistent across the board. Valid Assessment needs to be valid. What this means is that it assesses what it is supposed to assess. An example of this would be if I were to assess a student on their ability to coach a sports session. I could get the candidate to write up on how to coach a session, however, this would not allow me to assess whether or not they could physically coach a session and as such the method would prove to be invalid. A correct method would be to actually watch them coach a session Safe and Manageable Planning in depth and complicated assessments could have a negative effect as they can become completely unmanageable. When putting a plan together, the time management of the individual and/or group, as well as the assessors, should be taken into consideration and not become a burden. Suitable to the candidate needs Assessment should always take into consideration the needs of the individual and /or group. The criteria of most programmes can be assessed in a variety of ways which enables the assessor to steer the individual and/or group to the desired outcome by utilising different methods based on the candidates personal circumstances. 1.3 Explain the responsibilities of the assessor with regard to: Planning Assessing Constructive feedback It is up to the assessor to organise any assessment programme that the individual/ group will embark on. Both the candidate and the assessor will need to agree on the most suitable source of evidence to use for the particular unit/s and agree upon an achievable target date, along with times and places for the assessment to take place. It may also be necessary for the assessor to contact any staff, management, company or organisation to relay their intentions of assessment, as some places of work can have very strict guidelines in place, for example- the prison service, and authorisation would need to be sought. The assessor needs to ensure that the planning is holistic with the aim of looking at the overall picture. The range of assessment methods and strategies to be used should first be checked with the awarding body. This will clarify if the chosen method is suitable as evidence. Any prior learning would also have to be taken into account during the planning process. The assessor would need to seek out this information at the beginning to reduce ant duplication. Both formative and summative assessments and be used to assess the performance, knowledge and understanding of the individual, who will need to provide evidence of assessment criteria for the assessor to check over. It is the assessor responsibility to ensure they have an up to date copy of the criteria to which they intend to assess. Based on this they can then provide feedback to the individual on how to achieve the required result if the requirements have not been met. However, the assessor has a responsibility to the candidate to ensure that the correct assessment methods are being used for the task at hand All resulting decisions will then need to be recorded and justified. When providing feedback, the assessor should ensure they identify and reinforce any strengths witnessed from the evidence. Praise on achieving aspects of the criteria is essential for further progress to occur. At this point, it is important to remember to focus on the activity/ task and not the person. The assessor needs to be objective, and not allow the feedback to get personal. It is deemed as poor practice to begin labelling the candidate as lazy or uninterested for example. The assessor needs to steer the conversation towards what was actually seen, heard, or read. On discussing areas for improvement whereby the individual has fallen short of the desired result, the assessor and the individual would need to define and agree on the arising issues and work together to construct a solution, setting out new aims and objectives and ways of how these can, and will be achieved. It is imperative that any feedback be given as close to the activity as possible. This will allow for a more accurate account of the assessment. 1.4 Identify the company and industry rules and regulations relevant to assessment in your own area of practice? The College and the Awarding Bodies used within the department strive to ensure that there are no unnecessary barriers when it comes to assessing sports students. The requirements and assessment methods in place for students offer a flexibility to enable a wide range of individuals to be able to demonstrate the level of competence required to meet the standards in a fair and reliably way. To ensure this is carried out correctly, the college is required to provide an Internal Verification Policy and Assessment Plan, that highlights the objectives, strategies and procedures that show that the department is approaching assessment in the correct manner, which is in line with both college and national requirements. This allows the IV to check that assessment is being carried out and is consistent across the board. Any internal verification done within the department must be completed by someone not teaching on the course being run. All assessors, internal and external verifiers must be of a standard set out by the NGB/Awarding Bodies for which they need to monitor any changes and implement these accordingly. Any work that has been assessed by an unqualified assessor would need to be counter signed by a qualified assessor. This is to ensure that the evidence, methods and processes that have been used have been checked and authenticated. 2.1 Compare the strengths and limitations of a range of assessment methods with regard to your individual learners? 3.1 Identify the key factors to consider when planning assessment? Consider: Readiness of the Learner Time constraints Workplace requirements Location 3.2 Evaluate the benefits of a holistic approach to assessment? Consider: The opportunities for observation 3.3 Explain how to plan a holistic approach to assessment 3.4 Summarise the types of risks that may be involved in assessment in your own area of responsibility. Consider both HS risks and business risks. 3.5 Explain how to minimise risks through the planning process. Consider: Correct Legislation Policies and Procedures 4.1 Explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment process? Consider: Motivation Range of experience and understanding How to involve expert witnesses 4.2 Summarise the types of information that should be made available to learners and others involved in the assessment process e.g.: Documentation Policies Procedures Skills analysis outcomes Others 4.3 Explain how peer and self-assessment can be used effectively to promote learner involvement and personal responsibility in the assessment of learning? Consider: Development of analytical skills Understanding of specifications Self reflection of own performance 4.4 Explain how assessment arrangements can be adapted to meet the needs of individual learners e.g. Time consideration, work/shift patterns etc. Confidentiality issues Consideration of learning styles Variation of assessment methods 5.1 Explain how to judge whether evidence is: Sufficient Are the requirements met and how do you know? Authentic Is it the learners own work and how do you know? Current Have the working practices around that activity changed since the evidence was produced? 5.2 Explain how to ensure that assessment decisions are: Made against specified criteria Refer to your standards Valid Accurately measured using a method that suits the situation Reliable Ensuring the same results regardless of who is assessing Fair That equality diversity and individual needs have been considered 6.1 Evaluate the importance of quality assurance in the assessment process? 6.2 Summarise the quality assurance and standardisation procedures in your own area of practice including: Internal procedures QCF and awarding institute guidelines 6.3 Summarise the procedures to follow when there are disputes concerning assessment in your own area of practice: Internal and external procedures, including appeals 7.1 Explain the importance of following procedures for the management of information relating to assessment. Give consideration to: The NVQ code of practice 2006 Regulatory arrangements for the QCF 2008 Company policies and procedures Awarding institutes policies and procedures 7.2 Explain how feedback and questioning contribute to the assessment process? 8.1 Explain legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to assessment, including those for confidentiality, health, safety and welfare. Give consideration to: Data protection Child protection Safeguarding Health and safety 8.2 Explain the contribution that technology can make to the assessment process? 8.3 Evaluate the requirements for equality and diversity and where appropriate bilingualism in relation to assessment? 8.4 Explain the value of reflective practice and continuing professional development in the assessment process?

the swing :: essays research papers

The Swing by Pierre Renoir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impressionist movement started when Claude Monet and other artists held an exhibition in Paris in 1874. People like Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Pierre Renoir, Camille Pissaro created their most important work between 1870 to around 1910. The critics gave the exhibition the worst reviews possible. â€Å"The critics considered Impressionist paintings an insult to viewers because they were expected to accept apparently unfinished art as a ‘real’ painting.† The name was taken from Monet’s Impression, Sunrise. â€Å"The artists took the name after a critic used it mockingly to describe all the exhibited works.† The critics said that the paintings were â€Å"evidence of sloppy workmanship† (world book).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Swing by Pierre Renoir shows many of the characteristics of a painting made during the impressionist movement. During the impressionist period the painters didn’t care to show emotion on the characters depicted in the painting. The impressionist also tried to capture a moment in time by painting something they saw at a glance rather than think about what they knew or what they felt about the situation. For example this painting captures a moment in time by showing a woman, standing on the swing, a baby, looking up at a man, and two men, who is having a conversation with the lady against an outdoor background. The impressionist liked to work outdoors in natural light and paint rapidly rather than in a studio trying to develop what they paint. They were influenced by the scientific study of color and light at that time. This painting shows how light reflects on the people standing partly in the shade and partly in the sunlight.

Black people Essay

THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE/ETHNICITY IN THE FILM GLORY ROAD Race and Ethnicity have been socially constructed to pertain to certain qualities and attributes that have been generalized to the entire race or ethnic group. A few such constructions may include a belief that Asian people are smart yet physically small, Africans are physically blessed while not as mentally gifted and that white people are somewhere between the two. It is also socially constructed that Muslims are angrier people and that Hindus are strictly cultural. These attributes based on ethnicity and race have been falsely constructed by the society due to roles adopted or forced upon by these various social groups based on historic events. I have chosen to depict the race and ethnic construction in a 20th century American society through the movie Glory Road. Glory Road is a movie based on a true story that revolves around the difficulties and hardships faced by the basketball team of the Texas Western University. The movie shows how the team was a victim of an extremely harsh form of racism. It follows the story of a coach named Don Haskins who is responsible for recruiting a team of African-American players in addition to the existing ‘white’ players to play for the University team. In this movie, it has been clearly shown that African-American students, or ‘negro’ students as they are referred to in the movie are looked down upon by the society consisting of a majority of ‘white’ people. The white people believe themselves to be superior to the blacks and thereby treat them with extreme hostility. This was a continuation of the racial inequality that stemmed from the system of slavery in America. As the team of ‘negro’ players begins to gain popularity, the dissent in the dominantly white society escalates rapidly. Hostile crowds receive the team as they travel across the country playing basketball. These crowds throw things at them, vandalize their motel rooms with blood smeared walls and even go to the extent of brutally hurting one of the ‘negros’ when he goes to a restroom. It can be understood, that the negro player has been socially constructed to be inferior simply due to their ethnicity. They are believed to be less intelligent and are even compared to monkeys by a rival coach in the movie. However, due to the recent success of this dominantly black team, the whites begin to feel inferior to them and thereby retaliate physically through violence. The plot of the movie is created due to a break in the conventional social construction that the basketball team of a University is comprised of white students. White students who were trained by a white coach and studied in a University filled with white students. This was the norm that was being challenged by the coach Don Haskins who simply wanted to give these ‘negro’ students an opportunity to receive an education. Racial inequality in the education system is depicted in the movie through scenes that emphasize a majority of college students being white and the surprise on their faces when they see a black student in their school. Forms of personal racism are also shown in the movie such as stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination. Members of the board for Texas Western even exhibited quiet racism. They did not outwardly show their discontent for coach Haskins’ movement but they did feel uneasy about it. However, their uneasy feelings began to change when they heard of the team’s success, which leads us to believe that they were racist only for as long a time period as there was no direct benefit to them as individuals. The competing social construction would be one in which there was no differentiation based on the race/ethnicity of the players belonging to the team. It would be a construction where the blacks were not suppressed and thought to be inferior to whites. I believe that an example of a competing social construction would probably be the construction of our society today, where students are not discriminated based on their ethnicity but are encouraged to participate and selected based on their individual skills and talents. The potrayals in the movie directly correspond to the norms of our present day where people believe African Americans to be more athletically inclined but less intelligent than white people. This norm is harmful and beneficial to both parties. It means that a black person is more like to be hired for an athletic position but less likely for a working job and the exact opposite for a white person. Studies in the present day have indicated that a black person is only 33% as likely as a white person to get a job even if they both apply with identical credentials. It has been shown that the unemployment of black people is twice as high as that of white people (Newman, 166). The times are rapidly changing. Movies such as glory road bring to light the inhumanity that has been dominant in societies of the past that lead to discomfort and a hostile environment. People are more aware of things such as an abolition of discrimination and a promotion of equality as they aim towards times of peace. History was made in 2008, when a man of black origin was made President of the same country in which blacks were hated just a few decades ago. The name of this man was President Barack Obama. It represented a transition to a time with more equality and less racial discrimination. These are direct results of the efforts of movies such as glory road and also the efforts of various activists through the generations. Even though race and ethnicity were socially constructed, the norms are beginning to change in our modern world where every person is given an equal opportunity to achieve the goals they dream of.

What is sickle cell anemia.

What is sickle cell anemia. A mother of in central Africa has had no health problems her entire life. She has four beautiful children in her lifetime. Her first child of eight years old catches malaria; he sweats in his sleep every night, experiences the chills, is plagued with the fever, and has periodic attacks. To make matters even worse he has developed the condition known as splenomegaly which causes an enlargement of the spine that cripples him to his end when he dies of anemia. The second child, a daughter, is born with the genetic condition known as sickle cell anemia. Throughout this child's life she experiences ulcers up and down her legs, many fevers, and attacks that seem to be the unbearable pain a human can withstand without passing out. She will never be around long enough for her seventeenth birthday. Her last two children live long and healthy lives. Over time Mother Nature has found a side door around malaria, but she has unleashed death with his sickle, causing people's red blood cells not to function properly in carrying oxygen, causing terrible side effects and death.English: Description Malaria versus sickle-cell tr...For a long time little was known of blood diseases. People in central Africa were experiencing pain and dieing from an unknown killer. In 1956, Dr. Vernon Ingram and Dr. Paulings tested the blood of patients in central Africa. Surprisingly there were key differences between the hemoglobin of the some patients (Silverstein 17). "Hemoglobin is made up of chains of amino acids, like proteins; these chains are folded and looped in a complicated structure"(Johnson 325). In order to break up the bonds of hemoglobin and change it into mixture of shorter amino acids, Dr. Ingram used enzymes and other chemicals. By organizing these fragments of sections, it is possible to work out a map to the...

Free Essays on The Unternet

The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure. Beginning with the early research in packet switching, the government, industry and academia have been partners in evolving and deploying this exciting new technology. Today, terms like "bleiner@computer.org" and "acm.org" trip lightly off the tongue of the random person on the street. 1 This is intended to be a brief, necessarily cursory and incomplete history. Much material currently exists about the Internet, covering history, technology, and usage. A trip to almost any bookstore will find shelves of material written about the Internet. 2 In this paper, 3 several of us involved in the development and evolution of the Internet share our views of its origins and history. This history revolves around four distinct aspects. There is the technological evolution that began with early research on packet switching and the ARPANET (and related technologies), and where current research continues to expand the horizons of the infrastructure along several dimensions, such as scale, performance, and higher level functionality. There is the operations and management aspect of a global and complex operational infrastructure. There is the social aspect, which resulted in a broad community of Internauts working together to create and evolve the technology. And there is the commercialization aspect, resulting in an ex... Free Essays on The Unternet Free Essays on The Unternet The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure. Beginning with the early research in packet switching, the government, industry and academia have been partners in evolving and deploying this exciting new technology. Today, terms like "bleiner@computer.org" and "acm.org" trip lightly off the tongue of the random person on the street. 1 This is intended to be a brief, necessarily cursory and incomplete history. Much material currently exists about the Internet, covering history, technology, and usage. A trip to almost any bookstore will find shelves of material written about the Internet. 2 In this paper, 3 several of us involved in the development and evolution of the Internet share our views of its origins and history. This history revolves around four distinct aspects. There is the technological evolution that began with early research on packet switching and the ARPANET (and related technologies), and where current research continues to expand the horizons of the infrastructure along several dimensions, such as scale, performance, and higher level functionality. There is the operations and management aspect of a global and complex operational infrastructure. There is the social aspect, which resulted in a broad community of Internauts working together to create and evolve the technology. And there is the commercialization aspect, resulting in an ex...

Bipolar disorder type 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bipolar disorder type 1 - Research Paper Example Treatment is demanding with stakeholders having to deal with the commitments and outcomes that come with treatment and post-treatment procedures. Society has to address the needs of such patients hence need for efficient nursing and health care. With proper medical attention, patients can turn their lives around and become productive in the society. The disorder can be addressed with timely diagnosis and efficient treatment procedures. Health facilities have a key role to play in nursing and care of the affected patients regardless of age. Bipolar is a disorder that is characterized by episodic manic and depressive moods that have extremes in polarity, and may impair the patient resulting in the inability to function in daily life activities. The patient portrays inflated self-esteem, has a tendency to be overly talkative, and has reduced desire to sleep or rest. The patient tends to have new ideas. He engages more in goal and objective oriented activities, and his focus is easily distracted from a given issue. Moreover, patients also portray a daring attitude in engaging in risky activities (Bengesser, 2013). The patient at time is disrupted as the symptoms are severe enough to hamper his ability to engage in constructive activities and engage socially with others. The patient tends to be unrealistic and illogical, and the situation can escalate making him psychotic (Goodwin, 2010). A patient with Bipolar I disorder could experience a minimum of one â€Å"mixed† incident at a given time. As such, the patient g oes through phases of ups and downs (Bengesser, 2013). The patient at one moment is excited, has remarkable self-esteem, but then the situation reverses to a low mood hence the term mixed episode. The patient has no stable mood sequence and the reactions to everyday social situations are varied. The mood swing disrupts him/her and performs poorly in constructive activities (Goodwin, 2010). This would have some implication on

Lawful Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lawful Discrimination - Essay Example Having a mind of one's own is a selfish act which could result to discrimination, even lawlessness and chaos. As what a national government implements laws to a country, a state should all the more impose and adhere to the laws put forward by the national government since the general welfare has to be taken care of. A state should not create its own set of rules that strays away from the established law. Neither is she allowed to break it in favor of personal gains. Thoreau noticed this as he mentioned the governor in his speech, of whom the state recognizes as her center of authority. The governor is responsible that the laws of the land are being enforced but according to Thoreau, he is the exact opposite since he is permissive enough to let the laws of the state "go unexecuted." A law clearly doesn't exclude anyone. It applies to all, no matter what race a human being belongs to or whatever the skin color he has as long as he is a recognized citizen of the land. With respect to the established law, judicial decisions, too, should be based from a recognized set of rules and should be strictly observed. The freedom and liberty of a person, whether a human being that is being tried is either free or a slave, depends upon the judge's decisions. In Thoreau's speech, an act known as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 states that "any official who doesn't arrest a suspected runaway slave could be fined $1,000." This brings pressure to any officer to act or else risk being fined. After capturing, the slave is tried and then returned to his or her rightful owner. How many times have officials captured a suspected runaway slave or remained indifferent to others but ended up capturing or letting go of the wrong person Anthony Burns experienced being tried in the courts of human beings. This act also has its tendencies to make a slave out of a free soul. An example of this is Thomas Sims. Even then, there are already resentments against this law as what was expressed by Thoreau. And then, there are those who are against racial discrimination. Plessy is recognized as a legitimate citizen of the United States and is entitled to equal rights and privileges being enjoyed by a white American. Yet, despite paying for first class train ticket, he was not only forcibly ejected out of an East Louisiana Railway train but also ended up being imprisoned in a parish jail in New Orleans. Just because sitting in an area reserved for whites even though he has every right to do so, he suffered this predicament. The reason that he was different from the whites made his situation even worse. Clearly, racial discrimination even after the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States was ratified. A law can neither be of use to the general public if an institution doesn't at all observe it. By modern standards, the East Louisiana Railway did not recognize the ratified Fourteenth amendment because of the Plessy case. The constitution forbids "making or enforcing any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, or shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or deny to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." However, equality isn't observed since a railway companies such as the East Louisiana had been instructed either to provide additional coaches or

Occupational Risk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Occupational Risk - Research Paper Example One such substance that has received a lot of attention due to its significantly negative effect on human health; this substance is asbestos. Creating applicable risk assessments to make the necessary determinations to prevent the health risk involved with the presence of asbestos in our lives is a worthwhile one; primarily because the side effects of extreme exposure is rather harsh. Asbestos is a fibrous material that is naturally occurring on the planet. There are a few different colors, white and brown, and each asbestos fiber can be 700 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair (Princeton University, 2012).It became very popular as a form of strong insolation, as well as, being fire and chemical resistant, it was added to traditional construction of many buildings, facilities, and homes. There is likely asbestos used in fire-proofing spray, ceiling and floor tiles, siding shingles, ceiling textures, plasters, and most puttys, caulks, and cements. Buildings that were built after 1981 will likely contain less of this material as the health dangers were slowly becoming more and more verifiable. However, buildings constructed before 1981 likely has installed asbestos or products used that contained asbestos (Princeton University, 2012). Human beings can face extreme health dangers when exposed too often or for too long to asbestos fibers. The fibers enter the body through inhalation and lodge themselves in the pleura, the lining of the lungs, and may rest there for decades before contributing to serious health conditions, which include asbestosis, a restrictive lung disease, lung cancer, and mesothelioma, a very aggressive form of cancer that forms in the lining of lungs and chest (Princeton University, 2012). Most people who develop conditions due to asbestos exposure usually do not experience symptoms for, sometimes, decades after exposure occurred. Plants are, in most cases, unaffected by the naturally occurring asbestos existing in the environment. H owever, certain types of roofing shingles, containing an asbestos and tar mixture, when they are shed can cause growth and developmental issues in plants that are exposed. Animals can, in fact, be affected negatively by exposure to asbestos, as well. In the wild the ratio for different wildlife may not be immediately calculable, but domestic animals are definitely at risk. Dogs, in particular, are sensitive to the cancer causing effects of asbestos exposure. However, their response is far more immediate than humans. Most dogs will show the cancerous outcome of their exposure statistically by the time they are 8-years-old, if not younger (Mesothelioma & Asbestos Awareness Center, 2010). The exposure ratios that have been determined for homes, of course, are determined by the content of asbestos that exists in your home and how often you are exposed to it. Older homes should be tested and repaired of any damage and the asbestos replaced with safer alternatives. Updating and renovating older homes, is, also, a fantastic way to eliminate at home issues with asbestos (Morgan, 2007). Because asbestos is a naturally occurring material human beings can have limited and non-harmful interaction with the material. It is when the fibers begin to break away and become airborne. Once they

Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies Essay Example for Free

Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies Essay The Third and Final Continent is the last short story in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies; and is probably the most memorable one. A newly married young man makes his way from India to England and then to the US where he is making arrangements to call his wife from back home. Lahiri’s tone from the very beginning sounds distant, but equally engaging, her style is painfully simple; and the structure of the story is as clear as the title. Lahiri gives an account of one man’s journey through three different continents. The story becomes captivating from the very first paragraph. She describes the narrator’s experiences in England where he lives with other â€Å"penniless Bengali bachelors all struggling to educate and establish themselves abroad [1].†   But our protagonist is offered a job at M.I.T and decides to settle down in the U.S. Here is when the story truly picks up momentum. Even with her simple style, Lahiri has also employed a strong underlying sense of humor. On his way to America, the narrator discovers that â€Å"President Nixon had declared a national holiday: two American men had landed on the moon [1].† The line is almost comical; the narrator is most uninterested in one of the greatest achievements in American history. Lahiri succeeds in describing America through the eyes of a foreigner to a new land. The narrator’s experience in America is a totally alien. Lahiri describes the new life and world around him in great detail, giving long descriptions of the food, clothes and the general attitude of people. And then the story moves on to Mrs. Croft. The relationship that follows is humorous yet endearing and heart-warming. In fact, here is where Lahiri’s genius lies. Mrs. Croft and the narrator come from two different diverse cultures and lives, yet no culture, race or color seem to come in between their friendship. Lahiri also brings forward the custom of arranged marriages, largely prevalent in India. â€Å"I regarded the proposition with neither objection nor enthusiasm. It was a duty expected of me, as it was expected of every man [1].† Even though he does not know his wife when the two get married, they begin to understand each other slowly. In fact, their first moment of understanding is in Mrs. Croft’s parlor, where the old woman calls Mala â€Å"A perfect lady [1].† â€Å"I like to think of that moment in Mrs. Crofts parlor as the moment when the distance between Mala and me began to lessen [1].† The style and structure of Lahiri’s story are effortless and straight-forward. The words used too are simple. But it is exactly this simplicity which makes the story so close to life. The narrator’s tone is so disengaged from the story that it seems like a bland narration. Yet the events in that narration are so moving and heartening that it makes the reader feel like a part of the story. The forms a deep bond with his wife, initially, a complete stranger; and through the two the reader can see and experience the pain of losing one’s cultural identity and heritage. Their son is completely Americanized and has no interest in his Bengali roots. They wish that would â€Å"eat rice with us with his hands, and speak in Bengali, things we sometimes worry he will no longer do after we die [1].† Lahiri ends the story beautifully, describing the narrator’s journey through life in a few simple lines â€Å"Still, there are times I am bewildered by each mile I have travelled, each meal I have eaten, each person I have known, each room in which I have slept. As ordinary as it all appears, there are times when it is beyond my imagination [1].† Works Cited: Lahiri, Jhumpa, The third and final continent, retrieved from http://www.dequinix.com/a/continent.php

Cancer and Reproducibility of Decisions

Cancer and Reproducibility of Decisions Urologic cancer: What about reproducibility of decision made at multidisciplinary team management? BAYOUD Y, LOOCK PY, MENARD J, MESSAOUDI R, RIPERT T, PIERREVELCIN J, KOZAL S, LEON P, KAMDOUM M, CHOLET I, LARRE S . Abstract: Introduction: The prostate cancer (PCa) treatment is multimodal. Thus multidisciplinary team management (MDTM) decision-making process appears as a tool to answer all aspects of PCa. To evaluate the reproducibility of therapeutic decisions made at MDTM. Materials and Methods: We compared therapeutic decisions of PCa by presenting the same file of patient under a fake identity after 6 to 12 months from the first presentation. Forty-nine files of radical prostatectomy (RP) (28 pT2, 21 pT3) performed for clinical localized PCa were represented at MDTM which included urologist, oncologist, pathologist and radiologist. Analysis of therapeutic decisions comprised criteria as: TNM stage, Gleason score, margin status and comorbidities. The reproducibility was assessed statistically by Kappa coefficient. Results: Forty-nine file of radical prostatectomy (RP). The mean age was similar in both groups. The mean PSA was 8,32 ng/ ml (3,56-19,5) in pT2 group and 9.4ng/ml (3,8-22) in pT3 group. The margin status was positive in 25% and 47,6% respectively in pT2 and pT3 group. Decision made for pT2 group were the same in 100% case (k=1). In the group of pT3 (n=21), 33% of decision were different at second MDTM, especially for pT3b with only 29% reproducible decision (k= 0,1). Concerning pT3a, 86% of decision were reproducible (k= 0,74). Conclusion: We showed a reliability and reproducibility of decision made at MDTM when guidelines are well defined. The therapeutic attitudes were less reproducible in locally advanced PCa but decision concerning those cases should be made in the setting of guidelines. Key words: Cancer, Kappa coefficient, Prostate, multidisciplinary, Reproducibility. INTRODUCTION: The prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer in men as well in Europe and USA (1). The PCa counts for 11% of all men cancers and it’s responsible for 9% of the mortality by cancer in men in Europe. In France in 2010, the incidence of PCa was 71577 cases and the related mortality of PCa at the same year was 8791 deaths which represent a 2.5% less mortality per year during last years (2). The multidisciplinary team management becomes an obligation for all oncologic fields as mentioned by the French government law: cancer program 2003-2007, this program stipulate that each new patient should benefit from MDTM decision-making process, organize the setting of MDTM and also gives tools to develop trials of research for a new diagnosis and therapeutic arsenal (3). Some urologists express some doubt about the interest of MDTM because of it’s a new burden without assigned budget while others see in the MDTM an equality of chance of patients, and possibility to include patients in trials and protocols. Number of European study showed the interest of MDTM and its beneficial impact on survival (4, 5). The efficiency of decisions made at MDTM is obvious but the evidence about their reproducibility remains doubtful. Through patients underwent a radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer (PCa) and represented identically, we evaluated a reproducibility of decision made at MDTM. Materials and Methods: From January 2011 to March 2012, 183 patients underwent radical prostatectomy for localized PCa, all of them were presented at MDTM and decision of diagnosis and treatment validated. Within those patients some files were selected prospectively for a second presentation. All of patients were presented identically under a fake identity 6 to 12 months later. Each file contained a full filled form including all decision- making parameters concerning patient (appendix 1). Patients were selected after agreement of their urologist who didn’t participate at decision making process at a second presentation. We also presented a case of patient which can be susceptible for debate and distinguished two groups. First one with localized PCa with or without positive margins (pT2 R0 or R1) and second one with advanced PCa (pT3a or b, R0 or R1) regarding 2002 pTNM classification. Criteria of selection was to select patients with localized and advanced PCa, we also selected those at low and high risk of local and systemic relapse based on pTNM and gleason score, two only important parameters  «predicting local and systemic relapse after RP » we had at this moment of decision making process (1). Thus we tried to have each half of group with gleason score at low and high risk of relapse. The group of pT2 comprised approximately 50% of patient with gleason score > 6 and the group of pT3 comprised approximately 50% of patient with gleason score ≠¤ 3+4 (table 1). We compared a decision made for each patient in both MDTM. All decisions were made accordingly to usual criteria as pTNM stage, Gleason score, margin status, comorbidities and choice of patients. MDTM comprised 5 urologists’ seniors and 2 juniors, 1 pathologist, 1 medical oncologist, 1 radiotherapist and 1 radiologist and organized weekly. The statistical analysis chosen for comparison between first and second decision made at MDTM was Kappa coefficient which scale vary from non-agreement to perfect. The coefficient Kappa is a statistical tool to assess reproducibility. It also allows an estimate of concordance of qualitative judgments for the same situations by two different observers (6). We compared all criteria of study with t-test for independent samples using means ±SD. Results: From January 2011 to March 2012, 183 patients underwent RP for localized PCa. From this population forty nine patients were selected prospectively and distribution of patients was as follows: 28 pT2c, 21 pT3 (14 pT3a and 7 pT3b). Baseline criteria of patient group and t-test are resumed in table 1. We observed a reproducibility of 100 % of the group of pT2c independently of the margin status and Gleason score. Kappa coefficient was perfect (ÃŽ º=1). In the group of pT3a, decisions were reproducible in 86% cases, with therapeutic attitude putting in balance surveillance or extra beam radiation therapy (EBRT) (figure 1). The distribution of decisions was as follows: 28% for EBRT, 72% for surveillance at MDTM 1 and 14% for EBRT, 86% for surveillance. The coefficient Kappa was substantial with a value of 0,74. In the group of pT3b, decisions were reproducible in only 29% cases. Therapeutic decisions were EBRT plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in 71% patients and surveillance in 29% patients at MDTM 1, while therapeutic decisions at MDTM 2 were 14,5% for EBRT, 14,5% for EBRT plus androgen deprivation therapy and 71% for surveillance (Figure 2). The Kappa coefficient was slight with a value of 0,1. Discussion: Our study showed the pertinence of MDTM recommended by Law of cancer program 2003-2007 (3). Many European studies showed the interest of MDTM (4, 5), but number of urologists expresses some doubts about benefits, exposing as argument a new burden without assigned budget. This position is partly supported by Asher PL et al, they reported in 124 cases of urological cancer, MDTM changed therapeutic attitude in only 2% cases, thus authors suggested that urologist could presented only few patients to MDTM which reduced significantly a working cost without compromising therapeutic patient’s chance (7). Van Belle S showed that MDTM established by the Belgian governmental program was a success thanks to specifically assigned budget. Authors reported also indirect evidence between MDTM and survival rate of cancer in Belgium because it’s within the five best European rates (2,3 and (8) This hypothesis was sustained by results of Sternberg CN et al study, they concluded of beneficial effect of MDTM on free recurrence survival of PCa in patients at high risk of recurrence, in particular phase III of TAX 3501 where was compared treatment with immediate or differed ADT with or without docetaxel after RP (9). Our study showed reliability and reproducibility of decisions made at MDTM. This is valid in pT2 patients group in whom 100% of reproducibility was observed, while pT3a patients group showed 86% reproducibility (ÃŽ º = 0.74). However pT3b patients group showed worse rate of reproducibility with 29% (ÃŽ º = 0.1), this result should be interpreted with caution considering the smallness of sample (n=7). Further studies with biggest sample are mandatory to make conclusion. Those cases are still complex situations demanding MDTM decision-making process. The lack of well-defined recommendations certainly contributes to the weak rate of reproducibility of decision made at MDTM for locally advanced PCa. GETUG 17 trial which compares immediate EBRT associated to ADT versus deferred EBRT at biochemical recurrence with ADT for patients underwent RP in whom definitive pathology result is pT3 R1( R1: positive surgical margins) will contribute to clarify recommendations. The interest of MDTM is to include patients in the same trial. To support this idea, Nguyen TD et al showed in their study for breast cancer which recommendations are well designed that 92% of MDTM decisions were in accordance to recommendations and 96% of these decisions were followed by patient’s responsible doctor. They conclude also of the interest of including patients in trial (10). The same conclusions were reported by Carducci MA et al, they surveyed prospectively 8 cancers in 6 hospitals, and they showed that 128 patients of 153 (84%) benefited from specific therapeutic decisions thanks to MDTM. Authors insisted on the interest of MDTM in advanced PCa and inclusion of patients in trial (11). Several studies seem to end on the interest of a tool to standardize and optimize the therapeutic decisions. Thus, Benjamin A et al reported significant differences in care of localized PCa in the United States of America. Between 2000 and 2001, 2775 cases of localized PCa were collected from 55160 patients. They considered many criteria as geographic location, type of institution (academic hospital or community hospital), pathology analysis and follow-up after treatment. Significant differences were observed regarding geographic origin and type of institution where treatment was provided. Besides criteria as tumor volume, extra capsular extension and pTNM stage were considered for making decision process respectively only in 37,1%, 68,6%, 48,2% (11). Hardly 55% of patients benefited from a follow-up (12). Clarke MG et al showed in cohort of 30 urologists for whom were subjected questionnaires representing patients’ scenarios with prostate cancer, a mean of 3 cues from 9 were used to make therapeutic decision. Criteria as life expectancy, digital rectal examination, age of patient and patient’s choice were rarely used. The authors also reported that urologists made a different therapeutic decision in 31,4% cases when they answered a same questionnaire at different time. They conclude that well defined recommendations and MDTM will standardize process of making decision and enhance reproducibility of decisions (13). These observations were also demonstrated by Wilson J et al in their study concerning 32 urologists from Great Britain, for whom 70 questionnaires representing medical history of prostate cancer were subjected. Thirteen questionnaires among 70 were repeated to evaluate intra- observer reproducibility. They reported that intra-observer reproducibility varied fro m 56% to 79%, while inter-observer reproducibility varied from 24% to 57%. Authors conclude on interest of standardizing therapeutic scheme and working in MDTM process for better decision reproducibility(14). The MDTM appears as an answer to this need of optimizing the care process. Conclusion: In our study we showed a reliability and reproducibility of decision made at MDTM. Reproducibility is acquired when recommendations are well defined. This is proved for localized prostate cancer. On the other hand decisions for advanced prostate cancer were less reproducible even if decisions were made in the setting of recommendations of French Urologist association. These last cases justify more submission in the MDTM in the purpose to standardize the care process, facilitate inclusion in trial. This will allow having well-defined recommendations for complex cases of prostate cancer, and leading to best reproducibility of decision made at MDTM. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Heidenreich A, Aus G, Bolla M, et al. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. European urology. 2008;53(1):68-80. Epub 2007/10/09. Salomon L, Azria D, Bastide C, et al. [Recommendations Onco-Urology 2010: Prostate cancer]. Progres en urologie : journal de lAssociation francaise durologie et de la Societe francaise durologie. 2010;20 Suppl 4:S217-51. Epub 2010/12/07. Recommandations en Onco-Urologie 2010: Cancer de la prostate. Plan cancer 2003-2007 (French Government Law ): http://www.afssa.fr/ET/DocumentsET/plan cancer.pdf Verdecchia A, Francisci S, Brenner H, et al. Recent cancer survival in Europe: a 2000- 02 period analysis of EUROCARE-4 data. The lancet oncology. 2007;8(9):784-96. Epub 2007/08/24. Berrino F, De Angelis R, Sant M, et al. Survival for eight major cancers and all cancers combined for European adults diagnosed in 1995-99: results of the EUROCARE-4 study. The lancet oncology. 2007;8(9):773-83. Epub 2007/08/24. Bergeri I, Michel R, Boutin JP. [Everything (or almost everything) about the Kappa coefficient]. Medecine tropicale : revue du Corps de sante colonial. 2002;62(6):634-6. Epub 2003/05/07. Pour tout savoir ou presque sur le coefficient Kappa. Acher PL, Young AJ, Etherington-Foy R, McCahy PJ, Deane AM. Improving outcomes in urological cancers: the impact of multidisciplinary team meetings. Int J Surg. 2005;3(2):121-3. Epub 2007/04/28. Van Belle S. How to implement the multidisciplinary approach in prostate cancer management: the Belgian model. BJU international. 2008;101 Suppl 2:2-4. Epub 2008/03/01. Sternberg CN, Krainer M, Oh WK, et al. The medical management of prostate cancer: a multidisciplinary team approach. BJU international. 2007;99(1):22-7. Epub 2006/09/08. Nguyen TD, Legrand P, Devie I, Cauchois A, Eymard JC. [Qualitative assessment of the multidisciplinary tumor board in breast cancer]. Bulletin du cancer. 2008;95(2):247-51. Epub 2008/02/29. Evaluation qualitative de la reunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire de cancerologie mammaire. Carducci MA, Carroll PR. Multidisciplinary management of advanced prostate cancer: changing perspectives on referring patients and enhancing collaboration between oncologists and urologists in clinical trials. Urology. 2005;65(5 Suppl):18-22; discussion Epub 2005/05/12. Spencer BA, Miller DC, Litwin MS, et al. Variations in quality of care for men with early-stage prostate cancer. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2008;26(22):3735-42. Epub 2008/08/02. Clarke MG, Wilson JR, Kennedy KP, MacDonagh RP. Clinical judgment analysis of the parameters used by consultant urologists in the management of prostate cancer. The Journal of urology. 2007;178(1):98-102. Epub 2007/05/15. Wilson J, Kennedy K, Ewings P, Macdonagh R. Analysis of consultant decision- making in the management of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases. 2008;11(3):288-93. Epub 2007/10/31. Table1:Baselinecharacteristicsofpatientsgroupandt-testof independent sample Figure 1: Therapeutic decisions made for pT3aN0M0 group at MDTM 1 and 2 Figure 2: Therapeutic decisions made for pT3bN0M0 group at MDTM 1 and 2 APPENDIX 1: Initial location :Date of diagnosis : DD/MM/YYYY Clinical TNM stage: Pathology result (specimen): pT: XX pN: XX M: XX Status margin (R): Rx Motive: Diagnosis à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Therapeutic decision à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Therapeutic adjustment à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Surveillance after treatment à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Another motiveà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Medical history : Result of exams : (ex CT scan, MRI, Bone scan, medical notice of colleague †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) Patient’s choice : WHO general health status :0 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  1 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯2 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯3 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯4 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Comorbidities: Therapeutic suggestion : Final thà ©rapeutic decision :